Swarm Intelligence

“The assumption of an absolute determinism is the essential foundation of every scientific inquiry” — Max Planck Swarm behavior and swarm intelligence are fundamentally equivalent phenomena, differing only in their level of abstraction. Swarm behavior refers to the...

Swarm Behavior

“As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain, and as far as they are certain they do not refer to reality” — Albert Einstein Nature provides a rich environment for studying emergent collective behaviors arising from simple local...

The Technological Singularity

The Before The technological singularity refers to the hypothetical point in time when artificial intelligence surpasses human intelligence, leading to unprecedented societal change. Views on the singularity range from dismissing it as science fiction to considering...